妊娠期糖尿病患者饮食管理最佳证据总结

Summary of Best Evidence for Dietary Management in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

摘要: 目的：系统检索、提取并汇总妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者饮食管理的最佳证据，为临床制订基于循证证据的GDM患者饮食管理决策和干预措施提供依据。方法：根据“6S”证据模型，系统检索国内外计算机决策支持系统、指南网站、数据库、相关专业协会网站中关于GDM患者产后管理的证据，包括指南、证据总结、临床决策、专家共识、系统评价等。检索时限为建库至2025年4月。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选和质量评价，根据主题进行证据提取、归纳和汇总。结果：最终纳入12篇文献，包括指南6篇、证据总结1篇、系统评价3篇、专家共识1篇和随机对照试验1篇。通过2名研究人员共同讨论，从血糖监测与控制、食物选择原则、热量与营养素分配、饮食管理实践、特殊场景管理5个方面，汇总了33条有关GDM患者饮食管理的相关证据。结论：该研究总结了GDM患者饮食管理的最佳证据，为临床开展有针对性的证据应用提供循证依据。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically search, extract, and summarize the best evidence regarding dietary management for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), providing a basis for formulating evidence-based dietary management decisions and intervention measures in clinical practice. Methods: Based on the “6S” evidence model, evidence related to the postpartum management of GDM patients was systematically searched in domestic and international computer decision-support systems, guideline websites, databases, and relevant professional association websites. The evidence included guidelines, evidence summaries, clinical decisions, expert consensuses, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe was from the establishment of the databases to April 2025. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and quality evaluation, and extracted, summarized, and compiled evidence according to themes. Results: A total of 12 literatures were included, consisting of 6 guidelines, 1 evidence summary, 3 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensus, and 1 randomized controlled trial. Through joint discussion by two researchers, 33 pieces of evidence related to the dietary management of GDM patients were summarized from five aspects: blood glucose monitoring and control, food selection principles, calorie and nutrient distribution, dietary management practice, and special-scenario management. Conclusion: This study summarizes the best evidence for the dietary management of GDM patients, providing an evidence-based foundation for the targeted clinical application of evidence.