《电子商务法》视角下权利人错误通知侵权责任研究

Study on Tort Liability of Right Holders’ Incorrect Notifications from the Perspective of the E-Commerce Law

摘要: 本文聚焦《电子商务法》视角下权利人错误通知侵权责任问题。立法层面，相关规范从《信息网络传播权保护条例》到《民法典》逐步完善，但存在层级分散、概念界定模糊等局限；司法实践中，归责原则适用、主观要件认定及“恶意”判断均存在显著分歧。文章指出当前核心问题：归责原则不统一、主观要件标准不明、“恶意”认定尺度不一。在此基础上提出对策：归责原则应采过错责任以平衡维权与遏制滥用；主观要件限缩为“故意 + 重大过失”，排除一般过失；“恶意”需同时具备“明知”认知前提与“不正当动机”意志核心。旨在解决实践分歧，完善错误通知侵权责任制度。

Abstract: This article focuses on the issue of right holders’ liability for wrongful infringement notifications from the perspective of the E-Commerce Law. At the legislative level, relevant norms have been gradually refined, evolving from the Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information to the Civil Code; however, they still have limitations such as being scattered across different legislative tiers and having vague concept definitions. In judicial practice, there exist significant divergences in the application of imputation principles, the determination of subjective elements, and the judgment of “malice”. The article identifies the current core problems: lack of uniformity in imputation principles, unclear standards for subjective elements, and inconsistent criteria for determining “malice”. On this basis, it proposes countermeasures: the imputation principle should adopt fault liability to balance the protection of rights and the curbing of abuse; subjective elements should be narrowed down to “intent + gross negligence”, excluding ordinary negligence; “malice” must simultaneously possess the cognitive prerequisite of “knowingly” and the volitional core of “improper motive”. The purpose is to resolve practical divergences and improve the system of liability for wrongful infringement notifications.