从“知识图谱”到“能力图谱”：电子信息类应用型新工科课程体系构建研究

From “Knowledge Graph” to “Competency Graph”: A Study on the Construction of Curriculum Systems for Applied New Engineering in Electronics and Information Disciplines

摘要: 针对当前电子信息类应用型人才培养中课程体系对产业技术快速迭代响应不足、能力目标与复杂工程场景实际要求不匹配等问题，文章提出从“知识图谱”向“能力图谱”转型的课程体系构建思路。研究以成果导向教育(OBE)理念为指导，构建以“解决复杂工程问题能力”为核心的结构化能力指标体系，并通过“能力–课程”映射矩阵与能力进阶路径实现反向课程设计。以南昌理工学院电子与信息学院为例，开展应用型新工科课程体系改革实践，系统推进能力图谱构建、课程诊断与重构、实施与持续改进。结果表明，这一能力导向的课程重构路径有助于推动课程设置由知识本位向能力本位转变，强化工程实践、系统集成与创新应用能力的递进式培养。本研究为地方高校电子信息类专业深化产教融合、优化人才培养方案提供了可借鉴的实施路径与操作框架。

Abstract: Addressing the insufficient responsiveness of current curriculum systems to rapid industrial technological iteration and the misalignment between competency objectives and actual requirements in complex engineering contexts within applied electronics and information talent cultivation, this paper proposes a curriculum construction approach transitioning from “knowledge graphs” to “competency graphs.” Guided by the philosophy of Outcome-Based Education (OBE), the study establishes a structured competency framework centered on the “ability to solve complex engineering problems”, and implements backward curriculum design through a “competency-course” mapping matrix and competency progression pathways. Taking the School of Electronics and Information at Nanchang Institute of Technology as a case, the reform practice of the applied new engineering curriculum systems is carried out, systematically advancing the construction of competency maps, curriculum diagnosis and restructuring, implementation, and continuous improvement. Results indicate that this competency-oriented curriculum reconstruction approach facilitates the shift from knowledge-centered to competency-centered course design and strengthens the progressive development of engineering practice, system integration, and innovative application capabilities. This study provides a referenceable implementation pathway and operational framework for local universities to deepen industry-education integration and optimize talent cultivation programs in electronics and information disciplines.