数据平台对个人信息的侵权责任研究

Research on Liability for Infringement of Personal Information in Data Platform

摘要: 随着大数据时代的到来，数据平台作为当下个人信息的主要处理者，在商业实践中广泛收集、存储、分析个人信息。然而，数据平台因商业需求对个人信息处理的不断扩大，导致个人信息侵权事件不断发生。近年来，个人信息泄露、滥用、深度伪造等案件频发，引发了公众对个人信息安全的广泛关注，但这一关注下却存在损害认定难、举证责任难、认定主体难、赔偿标准不一等问题。本文主要分为四个部分，第一部分主要分析个人信息的概念和类型，并对本文所述个人信息侵权概念和类型进行区分。第二部分论述个人信息侵权责任的构成要件，包括行为人存在过错，行为人实施违法行为即行为违法性，被侵权人权益受损即损害事实，损害与加害行为间的因果关系。第三部分是我国现有个人信息侵权责任制度中存在的不足，包括损害认定难、举证责任难、责任主体认定难，损害赔偿计量难。第四部分是对个人信息侵权责任制度的完善建议。

Abstract: With the advent of the big data era, data platforms have become primary processors of personal information, extensively collecting, storing, and analyzing such data in commercial practices. However, as data platforms expand their processing of personal information for commercial purposes, cases of personal information infringement have become increasingly frequent. In recent years, incidents of personal information leaks, misuse, and deepfakes have sparked widespread public concern about personal information security. Yet beneath this concern, challenges persist in determining damages, burden of proof, identification of liable parties, and inconsistent compensation standards. This paper is divided into four sections: The first section analyzes the concept and types of personal information, distinguishing between the infringement concepts and categories discussed in this paper. The second section examines the constitutive elements of personal information infringement liability, including the actor’s fault, the illegality of the act, the infringement of the aggrieved party’s rights, and the causal relationship between the damage and the harmful act. The third section identifies shortcomings in China’s existing personal information infringement liability system, including difficulties in damage assessment, burden of proof, identification of liable parties, and compensation calculation. The fourth section proposes recommendations for improving the personal information infringement liability system.