木里地区地面风场的特征分析

Analysis of the Surface Wind in Muli Area

摘要: 本文基于凉山州气象局提供的区域自动站观测的逐日风速数据，对木里地区平均风速和最大风速的时空分布特征及风向特征进行分析。结果表明：(1) 木里地区1月、10~12月平均风速最大值约为3.6 m/s，出现在依吉站，2、8、9月在鸭嘴牧场站，约为2.8 m/s，3、4月在三桷垭里铺站，约为4.3 m/s，5~7月在水洛平翁站，约为2.7 m/s。1~3月平均风速最小值出现在东朗站，约1.5 m/s、4、5、7~12月在宁朗站，约为1.1 m/s，6月在耗牛坪站，约为1.2 m/s。高风速站点多位于中南部地势较低区，低风速站点集中于北部地势较高区。(2) 2~4月在木里地区中部及东南部多个站点(鸭嘴牧场站、列瓦碾水站、三桷垭里铺站等)形成大于等于9 m/s的高风速区。7~11月，多个站点(三桷桠高房子站、牦牛坪站、博窝站、俄亚站等)形成环绕中部的小于等于4 m/s低风速区。(3) 木里地区全年主导风向为南向风群(S、SSW、SSE)，频率合计32.5%，平均风速6.2 m/s。最大风速主要盛行风方向为西南偏南，南南西(SSW)为主要方向(≥11.0%)。在冬春季最大风速值(5.1~6.9 m/s)大于夏秋季(4.0~5.4 m/s)。

Abstract: This study is based on daily wind speed data observed by regional automatic weather stations provided by the Liangshan Prefecture Meteorological Bureau. Using statistical methods, it analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of average wind speed, maximum wind speed and maximum wind speed and wind direction characteristics in the Muli area. The results show: (1) In Muli, the highest value of average wind speed in January was approximately 3.6 m/s and occured at the Yiji station, the same characteristics were also occurred from October to December. In February, August, and September, the wind speed had a highest value about 2.8 m/s, recorded at the Yazui Pasture station. During March and April, it appeared at the Sanjiaoyalipu station, about 4.3 m/s, while in May through July, it was recorded at the Shuiluopingweng station, reaching approximately 2.7 m/s. The lowest average wind speeds from January to March were found at the Donglang station, approximately 1.5 m/s, in April, May, and from July to December, they werefound at the Ninglang station, around 1.1 m/s, and in June at the Maoniuping station, about 1.2 m/s. High-wind-speed stations were mostly located in the central and southern areas with lower terrain, while low-wind-speed stations were concentrated in the northern areas with higher terrain. (2) From February to April, multiple stations in the central and southeastern regions of Muli (such as Yazui Pasture stations, LieWaNianshui stations, and Sanjiaoyalipu stations) form high wind speed zones with speeds equal to or above 9 m/s. From July to November, several stations (including Sanjiaoyagaofangzi stations, Maoniuping stations, Bowo stations, and Eya stations) form a low wind speed zone (less than or equal to 4 m/s) surrounding the central region. (3) Throughout the year, the dominant wind direction in Muli was the southerly group (S, SSW, SSE), with a combined frequency of 32.5% and an average wind speed of 6.2 m/s. The main prevailing direction of the maximum wind speed was south-southwest (SSW), with a frequency of 11.0% or higher. During spring, autumn, and winter, the prevailing direction of the extreme maximum wind speed was from the south (S), with wind frequencies exceeding 10%. In winter and spring, the maximum wind speed ranged from 5.1 m/s to 6.9 m/s, higher than the summer and autumn range of 4.0 m/s to 5.4 m/s.