针灸疗法治疗三叉神经痛的疗效与研究进展

Efficacy and Research Progress of Acupuncture Therapy for Trigeminal Neuralgia

摘要: 三叉神经痛(TN)是面部三叉神经分布区突发剧痛的难治性神经病理性疼痛疾病，西医一线药物长期使用易引发嗜睡、肝功能损伤等副作用，微创手术复发率较高，临床亟需更安全的替代治疗方案。针灸基于中医“整体观念”与“辨证论治”核心思想，以“通络止痛、调和气血”为治疗原则，可降低西医治疗相关的副作用发生率与疾病复发风险，且具有镇痛效果明确、不良反应发生率低的优势。基于此，本文综述近年针灸治疗TN的研究进展，涵盖毫针、电针、针刀等核心治疗手段。但目前仍存在操作缺乏统一量化标准、疗效评价多依赖主观疼痛评分的局限。未来需通过多中心随机对照试验推进针灸治疗的标准化建设与作用机制研究，为针灸治疗TN的规范化临床应用提供循证支撑。

Abstract: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a refractory neuropathic pain disorder characterized by sudden severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution area of the face; long-term use of first-line Western medicines tends to cause side effects such as drowsiness and liver function impairment, while minimally invasive surgeries have a relatively high recurrence rate, creating an urgent clinical need for safer alternative treatment options. Based on the core concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), namely “holistic view” and “syndrome differentiation and treatment”, acupuncture follows the therapeutic principle of “dredging collaterals to relieve pain and regulating qi and blood”, reduces the incidence of Western treatment-related side effects and disease recurrence risk, and boasts a clear analgesic effect and low adverse reaction rate. On this basis, this article reviews recent research progress of acupuncture in TN treatment, covering core therapeutic methods such as filiform acupuncture, electroacupuncture and needle-knife; however, current limitations remain, including a lack of unified quantitative standards for operation and over-reliance on subjective pain scores for efficacy evaluation. In the future, multi-center randomized controlled trials are needed to promote the standardization and mechanism research of acupuncture treatment, so as to provide evidence-based support for the standardized clinical application of acupuncture in TN treatment.