电商外卖平台算法治理与骑手权益保障

Algorithm Governance and Rider Rights Protection of E-Commerce Food Delivery Platforms

摘要: 外卖平台算法作为电商经济中即时零售行业的核心管理工具，其自动化决策与监控功能重塑了用工模式，却也引发算法霸权、权益侵害等治理危机。算法透明化被视为破解骑手“困在系统里”困境的关键路径，但在电商平台商业秘密保护与技术复杂性制约下，其推进面临多重法律难题。本文以算法权力运行逻辑为切入点，剖析算法透明化与骑手权益保障的内在关联，系统梳理我国电商平台算法治理的规范现状与实践困境，从透明化边界界定、责任体系构建、权利救济完善三个维度，提出算法治理法律边界的划定方案，为实现电商平台效率与骑手权益的平衡提供理论支撑。

Abstract: As a core management tool in the on-demand retail industry of the e-commerce economy, the algorithms of food delivery platforms have reshaped the employment model with their automated decision-making and monitoring functions, but they have also triggered governance crises such as algorithmic hegemony and rights infringement. Algorithm transparency is regarded as the key path to breaking the predicament of riders being “trapped in the system”, but under the constraints of the protection of commercial secrets by e-commerce platforms and the complexity of technology, its promotion faces multiple legal challenges. This article takes the logic of algorithmic power operation as the entry point, analyzes the intrinsic connection between algorithmic transparency and the protection of riders’ rights and interests, systematically reviews the current normative status and practical predicaments of algorithmic governance in China’s e-commerce platforms, and proposes a demarcation plan for the legal boundaries of algorithmic governance from three dimensions: definition of transparency boundaries, construction of responsibility systems, and improvement of rights relief. This provides theoretical support for achieving a balance between e-commerce platform efficiency and delivery riders’ rights.