森林生态产品价值实现完善路径研究

Research on Improvement Pathways for the Realization of Forest Ecological Product Value

摘要: 森林生态产品是生态产品中重要组成部分，森林生态产品价值实现是生态产品价值实现中的关键环节。推动森林生态产品价值实现是生态产品发展的必行之路，是我国生态文明建设的重要篇章。本文依据森林生态产品的生态性、非直接交易性、财产性，并将森林生态产品划分为公共性、私有性和权益性三类产品。我国当前尚处于森林生态产品价值实现的探索阶段，尚存在产权模糊与主体缺位、外部性与主体失灵、利益分配机制不公的问题，制约了森林生态产品的持续性发展。构建森林生态产品价值实现的完善路径应当以系统化为着手，构建包含客体、主体、权能、登记和限制五个维度的产权明晰框架；通过法律赋权与赋能实现供给主体、需求主体和国家主体的协同治理；创新市场交易机制和政府调控工具以促进外部性内部化；建立程序正义与多元保障机制确保利益分配公平。为推进生态治理现代化和中国式现代化建设提供了有价值的理论参考和实践指引。

Abstract: Forest ecological products are a vital component of ecological products, and the realization of their value is a critical part of achieving the value of ecological products. Promoting the value realization of forest ecological products is an essential path for the development of ecological products and a significant chapter in China’s ecological civilization construction. Based on the ecological nature, non-direct tradability, and property attributes of forest ecological products, this paper categorizes them into public, private, and equity-based products. Currently, China is still in the exploratory stage of realizing the value of forest ecological products, facing challenges such as ambiguous property rights, absence of clear stakeholders, externalities with market failures, and unfair benefit distribution mechanisms, which hinder the sustainable development of forest ecological products. To construct a comprehensive path for the value realization of forest ecological products, a systematic approach should be adopted, establishing a property rights clarification framework encompassing five dimensions: object, subject, rights, registration, and restrictions. Through legal empowerment and capacity building, collaborative governance among supply subjects, demand subjects, and the state should be achieved. Innovative market transaction mechanisms and government regulation tools should be developed to promote the internalization of externalities. Procedural justice and diversified safeguard mechanisms should be established to ensure equitable benefit distribution. This study provides valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for advancing the modernization of ecological governance and Chinese-style modernization.