RCEP框架下数据跨境流动法律规制的实践反思

Practical Reflections on the Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Data Flow under the RCEP Framework

摘要: 在数字经济全球化进程中，数据跨境流动已成为驱动国际贸易增长、优化全球资源配置的核心要素，数据跨境流动的治理成效直接关系各国数字经济发展命脉。当前，国际社会尚未形成统一的数据跨境流动规制体系，欧盟“监管例外型”与美国“开放流动型”范式均以自身利益为核心，忽视发展中国家诉求，导致全球数据治理呈现碎片化格局。现有的研究视角多聚焦于数据机制的宏观影响，缺乏微观机制的细化探讨，另有学者发现我国“安全优先”与RCEP“安全与流动平衡”衔接不足，增加企业合规成本。本文结合欧美范式分析RCEP跨境数据规制的适配差距，从理念协同，制度细化，区域联动等三方面，研究我国数据跨境流动如何与不同法律体系适配转型。

Abstract: In the process of globalization of the digital economy, cross-border data flow has become a core element driving the growth of international trade and optimizing global resource allocation. The effectiveness of governance over cross-border data flow is directly related to the lifeblood of the digital economy development in various countries. Currently, the international community has not yet formed a unified regulatory system for cross-border data flow. Both the EU’s “regulatory exception” paradigm and the US’s “open flow” paradigm center on their own interests, ignoring the demands of developing countries, resulting in a fragmented pattern of global data governance. Existing research perspectives mostly focus on the macro impact of data mechanisms, lacking detailed exploration of micro-mechanisms. Other scholars have found that the lack of alignment between China’s “security priority” and the “balance between security and flow” in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) increases compliance costs for enterprises. This paper analyzes the adaptation gap of RCEP’s cross-border data regulations in combination with the European and American paradigms, and explores how China’s cross-border data flow adapts and transforms with different legal systems from three aspects: conceptual synergy, institutional refinement, and regional linkage.