基于尿液样本的无创检验技术在尿路上皮癌的应用研究进展
Research Progress on Non-Invasive Urine-Based Tests in Urothelial Carcinoma
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.15113327, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 覃乃南, 黄敏玉*：右江民族医学院附属医院泌尿外科，广西 百色
关键词: 尿液肿瘤DNA (utDNA)；DNA甲基化分析；RNA标志物；尿路上皮癌；膀胱癌；Urinary Tumor DNA (utDNA)； DNA Methylation Analysis； RNA Biomarkers； Urothelial Carcinoma； Bladder Cancer
摘要: 尿路上皮癌(Urothelial Carcinoma, UC)是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤，其早期诊断与持续监测对改善患者预后至关重要。虽然膀胱镜检查及组织病理学活检仍是当前诊断的“金标准”，但其侵入性操作伴随的痛苦、并发症风险及高昂成本限制了其临床应用。近年来，基于尿液样本的无创检验技术取得了显著进展，在UC的早期诊断、复发监测及疗效评估中展现出巨大潜力。本综述系统评述了尿液肿瘤DNA (utDNA)检测、DNA甲基化分析、RNA标志物等无创检测技术的应用价值与临床验证进展，重点探讨了不同技术的性能特征及其在特定临床场景下的适用性，旨在为无创诊断技术的临床转化提供理论依据与方向参考。
Abstract: Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, and its early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are crucial for improving patient prognosis. Although cystoscopy and histopathological biopsy remain the current “gold standard” for diagnosis, their invasive nature—accompanied by patient discomfort, risk of complications, and high costs—limits their clinical application. In recent years, non-invasive detection technologies based on urine samples have made significant progress, showing great potential in the early diagnosis, recurrence monitoring, and efficacy evaluation of UC. This review systematically assesses the application value and clinical validation progress of non-invasive detection technologies, such as urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) detection, DNA methylation analysis, and RNA biomarkers. It focuses on exploring the performance characteristics of different technologies and their applicability in specific clinical scenarios, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and directional reference for the clinical translation of non-invasive diagnostic technologies.
文章引用：覃乃南, 黄敏玉. 基于尿液样本的无创检验技术在尿路上皮癌的应用研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(11): 2121-2128. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.15113327

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