农村RC梁桥典型病害调查与相关性分析研究

Investigation and Correlation Analysis of Typical Diseases of Rural RC Beam Bridges

摘要: 为了探究农村钢筋混凝土梁桥病害在不同结构形式下的演化规律和病害间的相关性，本研究选取农村环境中最为普遍的整体现浇梁桥和预制空心板梁桥进行对比。通过连续5年对489座桥梁的现场检测，获得了桥梁上部结构、下部结构和桥面系详细的病害数据。本研究采用斯皮尔曼(Spearman)等级相关系数法构建桥梁各部分病害相关性矩阵，对桥梁系统内部及跨系统的病害关联网络进行解析，量化了桥龄、环境及荷载等外部条件因素的影响。研究结果表明，两类桥型的退化路径和规律存在本质差异：整体现浇梁桥的退化主要因为下部结构不均匀沉降引发的主梁的开裂及材料的劣化；预制空心板梁桥的退化则是由于铰缝失效，进而造成上部承重构件的“单板受力”和桥面纵向贯穿裂缝等连锁反应，尤其在重载交通情况下表现得尤为明显。本研究阐明了不同结构形式桥梁的病害传导机理，为制定差异化的养护策略提供了关键理论与数据支持。

Abstract: In order to explore the evolution laws of diseases of rural reinforced concrete beam Bridges under different structural forms and the correlations among diseases, this study selects the most common integral cast-in-place beam bridge and prefabricated hollow slab beam bridge in rural environments for comparison. Through on-site inspections of 489 Bridges over five consecutive years, detailed disease data on the superstructure, substructure and deck system of the Bridges were obtained. In this study, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient method was adopted to construct the disease correlation matrix of each part of the bridge, analyze the disease correlation network within the bridge system and across systems, and quantify the influence of external conditions such as bridge age, environment and load. The research results show that there are essential differences in the degradation paths and laws of the two types of Bridges: The degradation of the integral cast-in-place beam bridge is mainly due to the cracking of the main beam and the deterioration of materials caused by the uneven settlement of the substructure; The degradation of prefabricated hollow slab beam Bridges is due to the failure of hinge joints, which in turn causes a chain reaction of “single plate force” on the upper load-bearing components and longitudinal through cracks on the bridge deck, especially under heavy traffic conditions. This study clarifies the disease transmission mechanism of Bridges with different structural forms, providing key theoretical and data support for formulating differentiated maintenance strategies.