专利视域下机器人行业“卡脖子”技术识别

Dentification of “Bottleneck” Technologies in the Robotics Industry from the Perspective of Patents

摘要: 工业机器人作为中国制造业的重要基础之一，面临着“卡脖子”的威胁，准确识别该行业“卡脖子”技术可以为技术攻关提供帮助，从而助力我国制造产业高质量发展。本文通过Incopat数据库获取机器人行业专利数据，首先构建核心专利识别指标体系，从技术突破效益、紧迫性和难度三个维度出发，运用熵权-TOPSIS方法对专利数据进行处理并获得各指标权重，计算得到每个专利得分并排序，选取得分前5%专利为核心专利作为分析重点。其次通过专利价值指数和技术扩张指数构建“卡脖子”技术的识别模型，对核心专利涉及的IPC进行判别，找出“卡脖子”技术。在研究的32项机器人技术中，中国有25项为非“卡脖子”技术，有7项为“卡脖子”技术，“卡脖子”技术约占21%。

Abstract: Industrial robots, as one of the vital foundations of China’s manufacturing industry, face the threat of “bottleneck” technologies. Accurately identifying these “bottleneck” technologies in the industry can provide assistance for technological breakthroughs, thereby contributing to the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry. This paper obtains patent data from the robotics industry through the Incopat database. Firstly, a core patent identification index system is constructed, proceeding from three dimensions: technological breakthrough benefits, urgency, and difficulty. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method is applied to process the patent data and obtain the weight of each index. Each patent is then scored and ranked, with the top 5% selected as core patents for focused analysis. Secondly, an identification model for “bottleneck” technologies is constructed using the patent value index and technology expansion index. The International Patent Classification (IPC) codes associated with the core patents are evaluated to identify the “bottleneck” technologies. Among the 32 robotic technologies studied, China has 25 non-“bottleneck” technologies and 7 “bottleneck” technologies, accounting for approximately 21% of the total.