体育赛事直播画面著作权保护困境及法律规制路径

The Dilemma of Copyright Protection of Sports Events Live Pictures and the Path of Legal Regulation

摘要: 本文围绕体育赛事直播画面著作权保护展开研究，指出其核心困境在于法律性质认定难，独创性存在“高低论”与“有无论”争议，标准差异显著，且视听作品与录像制品的裁判路径不统一。现有保护路径有三：其一依据狭义著作权将其认定为作品，放宽固定性与独创性标准；其二依据邻接权视其为录像制品，强调行业规范限制独创性；其三以反不正当竞争路径作为补充，但保护不足。最后建议扩张广播组织权至视频网站，创设覆盖全传播方式的“向公众传播权”，以完善保护、支撑产业发展。

Abstract: This paper examines the copyright protection of live sports broadcast footage, identifying its core challenges as difficulties in determining legal classification, disputes over the threshold of originality ranging from “high standards” to “no requirement”, significant variations in standards, and inconsistent judicial approaches between audiovisual works and video recordings. Three existing protection approaches exist: firstly, recognising broadcasts as works under narrow copyright interpretation by relaxing fixation and originality standards; secondly, treating them as audiovisual recordings under neighbouring rights while emphasising industry norms to constrain originality requirements; thirdly, supplementing protection through unfair competition law, though this proves inadequate. The paper concludes by recommending extending broadcasting organisation rights to video platforms and establishing a comprehensive “right of communication to the public” covering all dissemination methods to enhance protection and support industry development.