“三者统一”的辩证法——对列宁《哲学笔记》的解读

The Dialectics of the “Unity of the Three”—A Reading of Lenin’s “Philosophical Notebooks”

摘要: 列宁的《哲学笔记》中涉猎诸多问题，主要探讨的中心问题则是唯物主义辩证法。《哲学笔记》中主要通过《黑格尔〈逻辑学〉一书摘要》及《谈谈辩证法问题》等阐述自身的辩证法思想，在前一篇文章中列宁通过对黑格尔逻辑学体系的整体考察进而考察认识论，将黑格尔的逻辑学同马克思《资本论》的逻辑相对照，揭示辩证法、逻辑学、认识论三者统一的关系，后一篇则更偏向列宁对于辩证法研究较为简练的总结。本文主要以《哲学笔记》为研究文本，对于列宁的辩证法思想发展进行探究，揭示三者统一的内在逻辑。研究列宁《哲学笔记》中的辩证法思想对于透彻了解唯物主义辩证法的内在逻辑具有重要意义，列宁在马克思主义哲学史上具有举足轻重的地位，深入了解其思想对于未来开辟马克思主义哲学新的思想体系也具有一定助益作用。

Abstract: Lenin’s “Philosophical Notebooks” covers a wide range of issues, with materialist dialectics at their center. In particular, the “Conspectus of Hegel’s Logic” and “On the Question of Dialectics” articulate his views: the former surveys Hegel’s logical system as a whole and, by extension, epistemology, setting Hegel’s logic alongside the logic of Marx’s Capital to reveal the unity of dialectics, logic, and epistemology; the latter offers a concise summary of Lenin’s reflections on dialectics. Using the “Philosophical Notebooks” as the primary text, this paper examines the development of Lenin’s conception of dialectics and explicates the internal logic of this “unity of the three”. Studying Lenin’s account in the “Philosophical Notebooks” is important for grasping the inner logic of materialist dialectics. Given Lenin’s pivotal place in the history of Marxist philosophy, a deeper understanding of his thought also helps open new systematic directions for subsequent Marxist philosophy.