德里达对胡塞尔时间问题的解构——基于《声音与现象》的讨论

Derrida’s Deconstruction of Husserl’s Time Problem—A Discussion Based on Voice and Phenomenon

摘要: 时间问题在胡塞尔那里是关系到感知及其意义的重要问题，因此当德里达对胡塞尔的意义理论进行批判时，他不得不直面胡塞尔关于“时间”的种种表述，特别是直面胡塞尔的《内时间意识现象学》这一文本。在《声音与现象》一书中，德里达对《内时间意识现象学》做了分析和批判，这构成了他对胡塞尔的符号问题批判的一个重要环节。通过对胡塞尔的时间结构的批判，德里达进一步引入“延异”的概念，完成了对胡塞尔的内时间意识理论的解构。通过这次解构，德里达并不是推出了自己的一套时间逻辑，而是将对意义的来源的不稳定性深深嵌入了胡塞尔的时间结构中，完成了一次寄生式的阅读和一次对现代哲学来说富有意义的变革。

Abstract: The question of time was an important question for Husserl in relation to perception and its meaning, so when Derrida critiqued Husserl’s theory of meaning, he had to confront Husserl’s formulations of “time”, especially Husserl’s On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time. In Voice and Phenomenon, Derrida analyzes and critiques On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time, which forms an important part of his critique of Husserl’s symbolic problem. Through his critique of Husserl’s time structure, Derrida further introduced the concept of “extension” and completed the deconstruction of Husserl’s theory of inner time consciousness. Through this deconstruction, Derrida did not introduce his own set of temporal logic, but deeply embedded the instability of the source of meaning in Husserl’s time structure, completing a parasitic reading and a meaningful revolution for contemporary philosophy.