电商经济背景下非法利用支付方式侵财的刑法定性

The Criminal Law Qualification of Illegal Use of Payment Methods to Encroach on Property under the Background E-Commerce Economy

摘要: 在电商经济背景下，不法分子非法利用支付手段偷换商家二维码侵犯财产的案件频发，理论与实务中对于偷换二维码获取财产的行为定性上未达成一致共识，主要存在盗窃罪说与诈骗罪说。本文通过电商经济支付方式犯罪新态势分析偷换二维码取得财物行为定性的主要观点和路径，探讨其合理性及存在的问题，在法教义学框架范围内着重分析诈骗罪中的受害人主观处分意识等构成要件，并认为偷换二维码这一犯罪行为不满足诈骗罪构成要件时结合盗窃罪的构成条件，重点剖析行为人实施的秘密盗窃行为以及行为涉及的占有关系等核心要素。偷换二维码属于在商家不知情的情况下秘密窃取的非法取得财产违背了商家意愿，应以盗窃罪论处。

Abstract: Under the background of e-commerce economy, cases where lawbreakers illegally exploit payment methods to replace merchants’ QR codes and infringe on property have occurred frequently. However, there is no consensus in theory and judicial practice regarding the characterization of the act of obtaining property by replacing QR codes, with the main viewpoints being the “theft theory” and the “fraud theory”. This paper analyzes the main viewpoints and approaches to characterizing the act of obtaining property by replacing QR codes through an examination of the new trends in crimes related to payment methods in the e-commerce economy, and discusses their rationality as well as existing issues. Within the framework of legal dogmatics, the paper focuses on analyzing the constituent elements of fraud, such as the victim’s subjective intent to dispose of property. When it is determined that the act of replacing QR codes does not meet the constituent elements of fraud, the paper then combines the constituent conditions of theft to conduct an in-depth analysis of core elements, including the secret theft act committed by the perpetrator and the possession relationship involved in the act. Replacing QR codes constitutes an illegal acquisition of property through secret theft without the merchant’s knowledge, which violates the merchant’s will. Therefore, such an act should be convicted and punished as theft.