境外经贸合作区建设对东道国碳排放强度的影响研究

The Impact of Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone Development on Host Country Carbon Emission Intensity

摘要: 境外经贸合作区作为中国国内自贸区建设成果的海外延伸，体现了中国共商共建共享的全球治理理念，能源消费集中的特性使其承载着中国对外投资合作绿色化发展的需求。本文以全球南方119个国家为研究对象，聚焦2000~2022年世界银行和中国商务部数据库数据，利用多时点双重差分法实证检验中国在全球南方国家设立的经贸合作区对东道国碳排放强度的影响。研究发现，境外经贸合作区在建设初期会增加共建国家的碳排放强度，并且处于不同地理区域、不同收入水平国家、不同类型的合作区均存在异质性。尽管短期内境外经贸合作区会引发东道国资源消耗和基础设施需求的上升，进而导致碳排放强度的提升，但从长期来看，政府和企业可实施基于地理区域的差异化引导政策、基于合作区类型的精准化绿色发展路径，从而推动合作区低碳发展。

Abstract: Overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, serving as the overseas extension of China’s domestic free trade zone development achievements, embody China’s global governance philosophy of consultation, cooperation and shared benefits. Their concentration in energy-intensive sectors positions them to fulfil China’s demand for greening its outward investment and cooperation. This study examines 119 countries in the Global South, focusing on data from the World Bank and China’s Ministry of Commerce covering the period 2000~2022. Employing a multi-period difference-in-differences approach, it empirically assesses the impact of China’s economic and trade cooperation zones in Global South nations on host countries’ carbon emission intensity. Findings reveal that during the initial construction phase, overseas economic and trade cooperation zones increase the carbon intensity of partner countries. Heterogeneity exists across different geographical regions, income levels, and types of cooperation zones. Although overseas economic and trade cooperation zones may initially increase resource consumption and infrastructure demands in host countries, thereby elevating carbon intensity, governments and enterprises should implement geographically differentiated guidance policies and tailored green development pathways based on the specific type of cooperation zone in the long term. This approach will facilitate low-carbon development within these zones.