针刺治疗失眠的研究进展

Advances in Research on Acupuncture Therapy for Insomnia

摘要: 失眠是以入睡困难及睡眠维持障碍为主要表现的全球性常见健康问题，严重影响身心健康。西医药物疗法虽可改善症状，但长期应用易产生依赖性、耐药性等局限，临床应用受限。针刺作为中医代表性非药物疗法，以“调和阴阳、宁心安神”为理论指导，通过调节神经递质、抑制HPA轴过度激活及重塑脑功能网络等多靶点机制改善睡眠。本文基于中医理论基础，系统综述针刺治疗失眠的现代作用机制及临床研究应用，并指出未来需加强标准化研究及机制深入探索，以推动临床广泛应用。

Abstract: Insomnia is a common global health issue mainly characterized by difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, which seriously impairs physical and mental health. Western medicine pharmacological treatments have limitations such as dependence and drug resistance. As a core non-pharmacological therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture is guided by the theory of “regulating Yin and Yang, calming the mind and tranquilizing the spirit”. It improves sleep through multi-target mechanisms, including regulating neurotransmitters, inhibiting excessive activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and remodeling brain functional networks. This article systematically reviews the TCM theoretical basis, modern mechanism of action, and clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia, confirms that its holistic regulatory effect is highly consistent with TCM theory, and points out that future efforts should focus on strengthening standardized research and in-depth exploration of mechanisms to promote its wide clinical application.