功能对等理论视角下《伊芙琳》汉译本对比分析

A Contrastive Analysis of the Chinese Translations of Evelyn from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

摘要: 《伊芙琳》(Eveline)是詹姆斯·乔伊斯(James Joyce)的短篇小说《都柏林人》中的名篇。《都柏林人》于1914年出版，它不仅是詹姆斯·乔伊斯的成名作，更被誉为整个西方现代主义文学的开山作之一，对后世产生了深远的影响。该小说以其精湛的意识流手法与深刻的心理描写著称。本研究选取《伊芙琳》的原文以及庄坤良、王逢振、张芸三位译者的中译本作为对比研究对象，在尤金·奈达功能对等理论的框架下进行对比分析。文章重点分析三位译者在处理人物心理描写、句式重复及结尾高潮时所采取的不同翻译策略，辨析不同译本在再现原文艺术效果方面的得失。通过对比分析，本文不仅验证了功能对等理论在确保译文可理解性与情感传递方面的指导价值，更系统地论证了其作为一个以信息传递为核心的理论，在面对乔伊斯文本中的形式实验、审美“含混性”等现代主义核心特征时所存在的解释力的局限性，并对文学翻译理论与实践的深化提出展望。

Abstract: Eveline is a renowned short story from James Joyce’s collection Dubliners. Published in 1914, Dubliners not only established James Joyce’s literary reputation, but is also hailed as one of the seminal works of Western modernist literature, exerting a profound influence on subsequent generations. The collection is renowned for its masterful use of stream-of-consciousness techniques and profound psychological portrayals. This study examines the original text of Eveline alongside Chinese translations by Kunliang Zhuang, Fengzhen Wang, and Yun Zhang. Employing Eugene Nida’s functional equivalence theory as a framework, it conducts a comparative analysis. The paper focuses on how the three translators employ distinct strategies in rendering psychological descriptions, sentence repetition, and the climactic conclusion, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each translation in reproducing the original’s artistic effects. Through comparative analysis, this study not only validates the guiding value of functional equivalence theory in ensuring the comprehensibility and emotional transmission of translations, but also systematically demonstrates its interpretive limitations as a theory centered on information transmission when confronting core modernist features in Joyce’s texts, such as formal experimentation and aesthetic “ambiguity”. It further proposes prospects for deepening literary translation theory and practice.