浅析BIM技术在抽蓄电站地下厂房安全疏散中的应用

A Brief Analysis of the Application of BIM Technology in the Safety Evacuation of Underground Powerhouses in Pumped Storage Power Stations

摘要: 在“双碳”战略目标推动下，我国抽水蓄能电站建设进入高速发展期。作为电站“心脏”的地下厂房，其结构复杂、环境封闭，导致应急安全疏散面临严峻挑战。本文系统分析了大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房安全疏散的核心难点，包括复杂空间环境制约、人员行为不确定性以及传统疏散模拟方法的局限性。针对这些难点，论文深入探讨了BIM技术的应用优势：其三维可视化能力可直观呈现空间布局与疏散要素；信息集成与数据驱动特性为高精度疏散仿真提供了坚实基础；多专业协同平台则能有效优化疏散方案设计流程。文章进一步阐述了BIM技术在具体应用中的三大方向：基于高精度模型与专业仿真软件的耦合分析，实现疏散过程的精准模拟与优化；构建可视化和可动态更新的应急预案与管理系统，提升培训与应急响应效能；结合物联网技术，实现疏散设施的智能化运维管理。尽管BIM技术在应用初期面临成本、人才和数据集成等方面的挑战，但通过构建协同机制、加强人才培养和推进数据标准化等对策，其在提升地下厂房安全疏散能力方面具有巨大潜力与广阔应用前景。

Abstract: Under the impetus of the “dual carbon” strategic goals, the construction of pumped storage power stations in China has entered a period of rapid development. As the “heart” of the power station, the underground powerhouse has a complex structure and a closed environment, which poses severe challenges to emergency safety evacuation. This paper systematically analyzes the core difficulties in the safety evacuation of large-scale pumped storage power station underground powerhouses, including the constraints of complex spatial environments, the uncertainty of personnel behavior, and the limitations of traditional evacuation simulation methods. In response to these difficulties, the paper deeply explores the application advantages of BIM technology: its three-dimensional visualization capability can intuitively present spatial layout and evacuation elements; its information integration and data-driven characteristics provide a solid foundation for high-precision evacuation simulation; and its multi-disciplinary collaboration platform can effectively optimize the design process of evacuation plans. The article further elaborates on the three major directions of BIM technology in specific applications: coupling analysis based on high-precision models and professional simulation software to achieve precise simulation and optimization of the evacuation process; constructing a visual and dynamically updatable emergency plan and management system to enhance training and emergency response efficiency; and integrating Internet of Things technology to achieve intelligent operation and maintenance management of evacuation facilities. Although BIM technology faces challenges such as cost, talent, and data integration in the initial application stage, through the construction of collaborative mechanisms, strengthening talent cultivation, and promoting data standardization, it has great potential and broad application prospects in enhancing the safety evacuation capabilities of underground powerhouses.