多元共治视角下电商扶贫的困境与破解路径

Dilemmas and Solutions of E-Commerce Poverty Alleviation from a Multistakeholder Governance Perspective

摘要: 基于多元共治理念，本文旨在破解当前电商扶贫实践中面临的治理困境，构建政府、平台企业、农户与社会组织等多方主体协同参与的可持续扶贫路径，以服务于乡村振兴与共同富裕的战略目标。研究通过构建多元共治理论框架，系统剖析各主体在实践中的角色与互动，发现政府存在“越位”与“缺位”并存的现象，平台企业受商业逻辑制约导致赋能行为短期化，农户面临主体性缺失与能力不足的双重制约，而社会组织则因参与碎片化难以有效发挥作用。为此，应推动政府强化“元治理”职能以优化制度供给，引导平台企业从流量扶持转向价值共创与能力赋能，支持农户提升数字素养与组织化程度以激活内生动力，并促进社会组织由碎片化参与转向系统性嵌入，从而构建协同治理机制，实现电商扶贫从“协同”走向“善治”的可持续发展。

Abstract: Based on the concept of multi-stakeholder governance, this paper aims to address the governance dilemmas currently faced in e-commerce poverty alleviation practices and to construct a sustainable poverty alleviation pathway involving the collaborative participation of multiple stakeholders, including the government, platform enterprises, farmers, and social organizations, thereby serving the strategic goals of rural revitalization and common prosperity. By constructing a theoretical framework of multi-stakeholder governance, the study systematically analyzes the roles and interactions of various stakeholders in practice. It finds that the government exhibits a coexistence of “overreach” and “absence”, platform enterprises’ empowerment actions are short-term due to constraints of commercial logic, farmers face dual constraints of lack of agency and insufficient capacity, and social organizations struggle to function effectively due to fragmented participation. Therefore, it is essential to promote the government to strengthen its “meta-governance” function to optimize institutional supply, guide platform enterprises to shift from traffic support to value co-creation and capacity empowerment, support farmers in enhancing their digital literacy and organizational level to activate endogenous motivation, and facilitate social organizations’ transition from fragmented participation to systematic embeddedness. This will help build a collaborative governance mechanism and achieve the sustainable development of e-commerce poverty alleviation, moving from “coordination” towards “good governance”.