血清维生素A与儿童肺炎病情严重程度的临床相关性研究

The Relationship between Serum Vitamin A Levels and the Severity of Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients

摘要: 目的：分析血清维生素A (Vitamin A, VA)水平与儿童肺炎病情严重程度的临床相关性。方法：收集2021年10月至2023年10月期间在我院住院治疗的肺炎儿童临床资料618例。根据入院时VA检测水平，分为缺乏组(n = 351例)和正常组(n = 267例)。回顾性分析两组间肺炎病情严重程度的差异，并探索VA与感染指标的相关性。结果：正常组和缺乏组间的VA水平差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，两组轻症肺炎分别占81.6%、74.4%，重症肺炎分别占18.4%、25.6%，VA缺乏组的重症肺炎发生率显著高于正常组(P < 0.05)。同时，感染指标显示CRP和PCT水平缺乏组显著高于正常组(P < 0.05)。此外，VA缺乏时，更容易感染呼吸道合胞病毒感染。结论：VA缺乏更容易使儿童肺炎向重症发展，同时导致更高的炎症标志物水平(CRP和PCT)，也更容易发生呼吸道合胞病毒的感染。因此，建议在儿童肺炎的临床管理中，重视重症水平的监测和补充，以改善患者的预后。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to examine the clinical correlation between serum vitamin A (VA) concentrations and the severity of pneumonia in pediatric patients. Methods: Clinical data were collected for 618 pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia and admitted to our hospital between October 2021 and October 2023. Based on VA levels at the time of admission, the patients were categorized into two groups: the deficiency group (n = 351) and the normal group (n = 267). A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine differences in pneumonia severity between these groups, and the correlation between VA levels and infection indicators was investigated. Results: The variance in VA levels between the normal and deficiency groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the normal group, mild pneumonia accounted for 81.6% of cases, while severe pneumonia accounted for 18.4%. In contrast, the deficiency group exhibited 74.4% mild pneumonia and 25.6% severe pneumonia. The incidence of severe pneumonia was significantly greater in the VA deficiency group compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, infection markers indicated that C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were significantly elevated in the deficiency group relative to the normal group (P < 0.05). Additionally, individuals with VA deficiency demonstrated a higher susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infections. Conclusion: VA deficiency is associated with an increased predisposition in children to severe pneumonia, characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP and PCT, and a heightened susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection. Consequently, it is recommended that vigilant monitoring and supplementation of VA be prioritized in the clinical management of childhood pneumonia to enhance patient outcomes.