我国意定监护的监督制度困境与完善

The Predicament and Improvement of the Supervision System of Designated Guardianship in Our Country

摘要: 本文的研究旨在通过剖析意定监护监督制度，以期缓解人口老龄化带来的不断上升的监护需求压力，切实保障被监护人的各项合法权益。综合运用文献研究法和案例分析法对我国目前意定监护监督制度的基本状况进行全面总结，并归纳其中涉及的在监督主体职责、开始启动程序、力度以及救济方面存在的问题，借鉴大陆法系与英美法系典型国家中有关意定监护监督模式选择、主体选任及相关程序安排等较为成熟的法律规范内容作为依据，从而给出一些改善意见。本文发现完善意定监护监督制度不但能保护被监护人的人身财产权益和尊重其自主决定权，促进社会资源分配正义维护公平，还能推动意定监护制度的健康发展。

Abstract: The research of this paper aims to alleviate the constantly rising pressure of guardianship demands brought about by population aging by analyzing the supervision system of designated guardianship, and effectively safeguard the various legitimate rights and interests of the ward. By comprehensively applying the methods of literature research and case analysis, this paper comprehensively summarizes the basic situation of the current voluntary guardianship supervision system in China, and summarizes the problems existing in terms of the responsibilities of the supervisory subjects, the initiation procedures, the intensity and the relief. Drawing on the relatively mature legal norms in typical countries of the civil law system and the common law system regarding the selection of supervision models for designated guardianship, the appointment of subjects, and the arrangement of related procedures, some improvement suggestions are thus provided. This article finds that improving the supervision system of designated guardianship can not only protect the personal and property rights of the ward and respect their right to make autonomous decisions, but also promote the just distribution of social resources and maintain fairness, and drive the healthy development of the designated guardianship system.