ISDS机制司法化改革的困境与发展

The Dilemmas and Development of the Judicialization Reform of the ISDS Mechanism

摘要: ISDS作为国际投资争端解决的重要机制之一，其迎来了制度发展的转折点，其中构建ISDS上诉机构的发展模式则备受关注。而欧盟所推出的“多边投资法庭”也正好符合这一趋势，结合英美法体系的“先例原则”给予该项制度的理论基础，ISDS机制的司法化改革方向似乎是未来ISDS的发展方向。但ISDS司法化改革的困境也在于此，先例原则在国际法中并没有正当的法律依据；而上诉机制的建立尚未在国际投资争端解决机制的改革中获得一致的共识。ISDS司法化改革两大核心在面临合法或实施的困境下，需要从中找出解决路径来深化ISDS的司法化改革，促进ISDS机制的革新和进一步发展。据此，需要就ISDS机制司法化改革中所依靠的主要原则和制度建设进行分析，旨在为ISDS司法化改革的顺利推行找到合适解决方案和倡导建议。

Abstract: As one of the important mechanisms for resolving international investment disputes, ISDS is experiencing a turning point in its institutional development, with significant attention on the development model for establishing an ISDS appellate mechanism. The European Union’s proposal of a “Multilateral Investment Court” fits well with this trend, and, combined with the “principle of precedent” from the common law systems of the UK and the US, provides a theoretical foundation for this system. The judicialization reform of the ISDS mechanism appears to be the future direction for its development. However, the challenges of judicializing ISDS lie in the fact that the principle of precedent has no proper legal basis in international law, and the establishment of an appellate mechanism has not yet gained unanimous consensus in the reform of international investment dispute resolution mechanisms. The two core aspects of judicializing ISDS, when facing legitimacy or implementation difficulties, require identifying solutions to deepen the judicial reforms of ISDS and promote the innovation and further development of the ISDS mechanism. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze the main principles and institutional constructions upon which ISDS judicialization reform relies, aiming to find suitable solutions and advocacy recommendations for the smooth implementation of ISDS judicialization reforms.