阿拉山口市大风对下游天气影响的研究

Study on the Impact of Strong Winds in Alashankou City on Downstream Weather

摘要: 为厘清阿拉山口市大风对下游天气的影响机制、明确防灾防控重点，本研究基于2014~2024年阿拉山口市国家基本站及下游气象站的观测数据，结合新疆应急管理厅的灾害台账，系统分析了大风的形成机制、时空分布特征，进而梳理其对下游的影响路径。结果表明：阿拉山口大风是地形狭管效应、蒙古–西伯利亚冷高压环流与局地热力差异协同驱动的结果，其中春秋季为高发期，占全年大风日数的75%；这类大风不仅会加速寒潮向东传播(下游区域24 h降温幅度达8℃~15℃)，还可能引发沙尘或风吹雪灾害，同时导致下游1 h内气压升幅达5~8 hpa、相对湿度降至20%以下，影响范围可覆盖200 km以上区域。从应用价值来看，本研究可为北疆区域气象灾害的精细化预警及跨部门应急协同工作提供科学支撑。

Abstract: In order to clarify the impact mechanism of strong winds in Alashankou City on downstream weather and identify the key points of disaster prevention and control, this study systematically analyzed the formation mechanism and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of strong winds, and further sorted out their impact paths on the downstream, based on the observational data from the national basic meteorological station in Alashankou City and downstream meteorological stations during 2014~2024, combined with the disaster accounting records of Xinjiang Emergency Management Department. The results show that: the strong winds in Alashankou are synergistically driven by the topographic funneling effect, the Mongolian-Siberian cold high circulation and local thermal differences, with spring and autumn as the peak periods, accounting for 75% of the annual strong wind days; such strong winds not only accelerate the eastward propagation of cold waves (the 24-hour temperature drop in downstream areas reaches 8˚C~15˚C), but also may trigger sand and dust or blowing snow disasters. Meanwhile, they cause the atmospheric pressure in the downstream to rise by 5~8 hPa within 1 hour and the relative humidity to drop below 20%, with an impact scope covering areas over 200 km. In terms of application value, this study can provide scientific support for the refined early warning of meteorological disasters and cross-departmental emergency coordination in the Northern Xinjiang region.