超声新技术评估甲状腺功能异常与左心室结构和功能关系的研究进展

The Research Progress on the Evaluation of the Relationship between Thyroid Dysfunction and Left Ventricular Structure/Function Using Advanced Echocardiographic Techniques

摘要: 甲状腺激素对心脏结构与功能的维持至关重要，甲状腺功能异常往往导致左心室重构与功能障碍，进而增加心力衰竭、房颤等心血管事件的风险。随着临床对甲状腺疾病与心血管疾病关联性的日益关注，超声心动图已成为评估左心室早期功能改变的重要手段。近年来，斑点追踪成像、左室压力–应变环及人工智能等新兴方法的应用，显著提高了亚临床心肌功能损伤的识别灵敏度。本文从甲状腺激素的作用机制出发，系统综述常规超声及超声新技术在评估甲状腺功能亢进与减退状态下左心室结构和功能方面的研究进展，为早期识别及个体化干预提供理论依据和实践参考。

Abstract: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac structure and function. Thyroid dysfunction often leads to left ventricular remodeling and functional impairment, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. With growing clinical attention to the association between thyroid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, echocardiography has become an essential tool for evaluating early left ventricular functional changes. In recent years, the application of emerging techniques such as speckle tracking imaging, left ventricular pressure-strain loop, and artificial intelligence has significantly improved the sensitivity in detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction. This article systematically reviews the research progress of conventional and advanced echocardiographic techniques in assessing left ventricular structure and function under hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, beginning with the mechanistic role of thyroid hormones. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for early identification and personalized intervention.