中医药干预良性前列腺增生排尿困难：临床疗效与作用机制探析

Chinese Medicine Intervention for Dysuria in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Analysis of Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Action

摘要: 良性前列腺增生(BPH)所致排尿困难是老年男性常见病症，我国疾病负担居首，现代医学治疗存在不良反应。中医药将其归为“精癃”“癃闭”，以“本虚标实”为核心病机，通过辨证分型(肾气虚、肾阳虚等)用济生肾气丸等经典方剂，结合针灸、灸法等外治法干预，不良反应发生率仅5%~8%。现代研究证实，中医药可调节激素水平、平衡前列腺细胞增殖凋亡、抗炎抗氧化及改善尿路功能。当前研究存在临床规范性不足等问题，未来需通过循证研究、机制解析及标准化建设，推动中西医结合，为患者提供更安全有效的治疗方案。

Abstract: Dysuria caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in elderly men, with China bearing the heaviest disease burden globally. However, modern medical treatments for this condition are associated with adverse reactions. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this disorder is categorized under “Jinglong” (sperm stagnation-induced urinary obstruction) and “Longbi” (dysuria and anuria). Its core pathogenesis is defined as “benign deficiency with excessive superficial symptoms”. TCM intervenes in this condition through syndrome differentiation and treatment: for patterns such as kidney qi deficiency and kidney yang deficiency, classic TCM formulas like Jisheng Shenqi Pill (Kidney-Qi-Nourishing Pill) are used, combined with external therapies including acupuncture and moxibustion. The incidence of adverse reactions from TCM interventions is only 5%~8%. Modern research has confirmed that TCM exerts therapeutic effects through multiple pathways: regulating hormone levels, balancing the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and improving urinary tract function. Nevertheless, current TCM research on BPH-related dysuria faces challenges such as insufficient clinical standardization. In the future, it is necessary to advance evidence-based research, conduct in-depth analysis of mechanisms of action, and promote standardization in TCM practice. These efforts will facilitate the integration of TCM and modern medicine, ultimately providing safer and more effective treatment options for patients.