数字时代网约工生计脆弱性分析

Analysis on Livelihood Vulnerability of Express Flexible Employees in the Digital Age

摘要: 以网约工为代表的数字平台就业者已成为增长势头强劲的新就业群体，但由于该工作属于非正规就业且劳动强度大，其生计往往会因此面临脆弱性问题。本文基于2019年CHFS数据，通过“暴露–敏感–适应能力”脆弱性分析框架，构建了网约工生计脆弱性评估分析指标体系分析了不同个体特征和社会特征下网约工的生计脆弱性指数及其维度。研究发现：(1) 高生计脆弱性网约工具有高龄、低教育水平、低健康水平等个体特征。(2) 低健康水平和低受教育程度的网约工暴露性与敏感性高、适应性低。(3) 网约工群体的社会保险参与情况不容乐观，社会保险的平均拥有量仅达到1.613。虽然参与社会保险的网约工适应性较高，但是由于参与社会保险需要一定的成本，且对于网约工群体而言价格不菲，此时，网约工群体更愿意选择不参与社会保险。为提高网约工群体生计的可持续性，需要加强对网约工群体的社会保障力度。

Abstract: Flexible workers, represented by net workers, have become a new employment group with strong growth momentum, and their employment and income realization are closely related to their livelihood sustainability. Based on the 2019 CHFS data, this paper constructs a vulnerability assessment index system to analyze the livelihood vulnerability of net workers under different individual and social characteristics through the vulnerability analysis framework of “exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity”. The index and its dimensions were analyzed under different individual characteristics and social characteristics. The study found that: (1) Highly vulnerable netizens have individual characteristics of high age, low education level and low health level. (2) Netizens with low health and education levels have high exposure and sensitivity and low adaptability. (3) The social insurance participation of the net contracting worker group is not optimistic, and the average ownership of social insurance only reaches 1.613. Although the adaptability of net contracting workers who participate in social insurance is higher, because the participation in social insurance requires a certain amount of cost, and the price is not expensive for the net contracting worker group, at this time, the group of net contracting workers prefers to choose not to participate in social insurance. In order to improve the sustainability of their livelihoods, social security should be strengthened.