教育公平的多维测度与资源配置研究——基于四川省各地级市的实证分析

A Multidimensional Measurement and Resource Allocation Study on Educational Equity—An Empirical Analysis Based on Prefecture-Level Cities in Sichuan Province

摘要: 基于社会经济的快速增长和人们对高质量生活的强烈需求，城乡以及各地区城市间教育公平问题日益严峻。四川省作为国家区域协调发展战略的关键实施区域，面临着教育资源配置效率的差异以及地方经济发展状况的不同。为了有效应对和优化教育资源分配不均的问题，本研究以四川21个市州的面板数据为研究对象，采用DEA-EM模型、在多区域分析中引入双向固定效应，并运用模拟退火算法优化DEA效率值的权重分配，避免陷入局部最优解，结合K折交叉验证提升模型稳健性，突破了传统线性分析的局限性，为教育公平研究提供了更为动态和精准的分析框架。

Abstract: With the rapid growth of the social economy and people’s strong demand for a high-quality life, the issue of educational equity between urban and rural areas and among cities in various regions has become increasingly severe. As a key implementation area of the national regional coordinated development strategy, Sichuan Province is confronted with differences in the efficiency of educational resource allocation and the varying conditions of local economic development. To effectively address and optimize the uneven distribution of educational resources, this study takes the panel data of 21 prefectures and cities in Sichuan as the research object, adopts the DEA-EM model, introduces two-way fixed effects in multi-regional analysis, and uses the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the weight distribution of DEA efficiency values to avoid getting stuck in local optimal solutions. It also combines K-fold cross-validation to enhance the robustness of the model, breaking through the limitations of traditional linear analysis and providing a more dynamic and precise analytical framework for educational equity research.