甘草酸对中华绒螯蟹抗应激能力的影响
Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on the Stress Resistance of Eriocheir sinensis
DOI: 10.12677/ams.2025.124020, PDF,   
作者: 李美萱：辽宁大学生命科学院，辽宁 沈阳；张赛赛, 陈文博*：大连市海洋发展事务服务中心，辽宁 大连；任同军*：大连海洋大学水产与生命学院，辽宁 大连
关键词: 甘草酸；中华绒螯蟹；抗应激能力；Glycyrrhizic Acid； Eriocheir sinensis； Stress Resistance
摘要: 为探究甘草酸对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)抗应激能力的影响，进行了不同剂量甘草酸(Glycyrrhizic acid)对中华绒螯蟹免疫相关基因和试验设置3个不同剂量的甘草酸添加组(GA0.1, GA0.5, GA1)，即在基础饲料中分别添加0.1、0.5和1 mL/kg的甘草酸，或在养殖水体中添加1 mL/L的甘草酸，及1个对照组(不添加甘草酸)，对150只平均体质量为(20 ± 5) g的中华绒螯蟹进行为期50天的养殖试验。试验结束后，检测各组血淋巴和肝胰腺部分非特异性免疫指标、肠道结构和功能组织及免疫相关基因表达水平。结果表明：与对照组相比，摄入了GA的中华绒螯蟹存活率和增重率显著提高(P < 0.05)，肠道皱壁和黏膜层显著增厚，体内丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)酶活性水平均显著降低(P < 0.05)，免疫相关基因GPX、ALF-1、Crustin-2表达水平显著升高(P < 0.05)，但在GA浓度1 mL/kg时下降。其中添加0.5 mL/kg GA饲料投喂中华绒螯蟹体内免疫指标变化最为显著，并且酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性水平较其他组显著升高(P < 0.05)。研究表明，在饲料中添加适量浓度甘草酸能够有效增强中华绒螯蟹抗应激能力，为甘草酸在甲壳动物中的应用提供了数据支撑和理论支持。
Abstract: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the stress resistance of Eriocheir sinensis, a 50-day culture experiment was conducted with 150 Eriocheir sinensis (average body weight: (20 ± 5) g), using three glycyrrhizic acid (GA) addition groups (GA0.1, GA0.5, GA1) and one control group (without GA). The GA addition groups were set as follows: 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mL/kg GA added to the basal diet, or 1 mL/L GA added to the culture water. After the experiment, non-specific immune indices in hemolymph and hepatopancreas, intestinal structure and functional tissues, and expression levels of immunity-related genes were detected. The results showed that compared with the control group, the survival rate and weight gain rate of Eriocheir sinensis fed with GA were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the intestinal folds and mucosal layer were significantly thickened, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of immunity-related genes GPX, ALF-1, and Crustin-2 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but decreased at a GA concentration of 1 mL/kg. Among them, the immune indices of Eriocheir sinensis fed with 0.5 mL/kg GA showed the most significant changes, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05). This study indicates that adding an appropriate concentration of glycyrrhizic acid to the diet can effectively enhance the stress resistance of Eriocheir sinensis, providing data and theoretical support for the application of glycyrrhizic acid in crustaceans.
文章引用：李美萱, 张赛赛, 陈文博, 任同军. 甘草酸对中华绒螯蟹抗应激能力的影响[J]. 海洋科学前沿, 2025, 12(4): 191-203. https://doi.org/10.12677/ams.2025.124020

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