儿童常见多重耐药菌感染的现状分析
Analysis of the Current Situation of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Children
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.15123425, PDF,   
作者: 戴佳荔：重庆医科大学附属儿童医院感染科，重庆；陈军华*：重庆医科大学附属儿童医院感染科，重庆；国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心，儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室，儿童感染与免疫罕见病重庆市重点实验室，重庆
关键词: 儿童；多重耐药菌；流行病学；治疗；Children； Multidrug-Resistant Organisms； Epidemiology； Treatment
摘要: 多重耐药菌(Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, MDRO)是当前医院感染预防与控制工作面临的严峻挑战，尤其是对免疫功能尚未成熟的住院儿童危险巨大。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)定义，MDRO特指对三类或以上结构不同的抗菌药物同时产生耐药的病原微生物。在儿科临床实践中，碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌(Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, CRE)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, VRE)、碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, CRAB)及碳青霉烯类耐药铜绿假单胞菌(Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CRPA)构成当前最具临床威胁的五大耐药病原体谱系。本文系统梳理当前国内外关于上述五类主要MDRO在儿童人群中的流行特征、耐药机制、治疗策略及危险因素，旨在为临床医生提供科学依据，以期降低儿童MDRO感染的发生率与致死率。
Abstract: Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO) represent a significant challenge in the prevention and control of hospital infections, especially for hospitalized children whose immune systems are not yet fully developed. According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), MDRO specifically refers to pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to three or more structurally distinct antibacterial drugs simultaneously. In pediatric clinical practice, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) constitute the five most clinically threatening resistance pathogen lineages at present. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, resistance mechanisms, treatment strategies, and risk factors of these five major MDRO in the pediatric population at home and abroad, aiming to provide scientific evidence for clinicians and reduce the incidence and mortality rate of MDRO infections in children.
文章引用：戴佳荔, 陈军华. 儿童常见多重耐药菌感染的现状分析[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(12): 400-407. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.15123425

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