2型糖尿病性视网膜病变全身危险因素的病理机制与综合治疗策略研究进展
Pathogenesis and Integrated Management of Systemic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy: A Research Update
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.15123437, PDF,   
作者: 严芷舒：吉首大学医学院，湖南 吉首；吉首大学第四临床学院，湖南 怀化；史 萍*：吉首大学临床学院，湖南 怀化
关键词: 2型糖尿病；糖尿病性视网膜病变；全身危险因素；相关机制；综合治疗；Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus； Diabetic Retinopathy； Systemic Risk Factors； Pathogenesis； Integrated Management
摘要: 目的：系统综述2型糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)的全身性危险因素及其作用机制，并总结相关治疗策略及研究进展。方法：检索并分析近年来国内外相关研究文献与临床指南，重点围绕高血糖、高血压、血脂异常、肥胖及代谢综合征等全身因素，探讨其在DR发生与发展中的病理生理机制及临床意义。结果：高血糖(激活PKC通路、氧化应激、HIF-VEGF信号)、高血压(RAAS激活、氧化应激与炎症)、血脂异常(LDL-C毒性及炎症介质释放)及肥胖(胰岛素抵抗与慢性炎症)是DR发生与进展的核心全身危险因素。综合管理包括严格控制血糖(HbA1c ≤ 7%)、血压(<130/80 mmHg)及血脂(LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L)，并联合眼部治疗(抗VEGF药物、激光及手术)。新兴疗法如Faricimab (抗VEGF/Ang-2双抗)显示出良好前景。结论：DR防治需采取以全身性危险因素控制为基础、适时眼科干预及多学科协作的综合策略，以延缓疾病进展并改善患者预后。
Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the systemic risk factors and their underlying mechanisms in type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to summarize relevant treatment strategies and research advances. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of recent research and clinical guidelines was conducted. The review focused on systemic factors, including hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, to explore their pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical significance in the onset and progression of DR. Results: Hyperglycemia (activating the PKC pathway, oxidative stress, HIF-VEGF signaling), hypertension (RAAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation), dyslipidemia (LDL-C toxicity and release of inflammatory mediators), and obesity (insulin resistance and chronic inflammation) are identified as core systemic risk factors for the development and progression of DR. Integrated management entails stringent control of blood glucose (HbA1c ≤ 7%), blood pressure (<130/80 mmHg), and blood lipids (LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L), combined with ocular therapies such as intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, laser photocoagulation, and vitreoretinal surgery. Emerging therapies, notably Faricimab (a bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A/Ang-2), show considerable promise. Conclusion: The prevention and management of DR require an integrated strategy founded on systemic risk factor control, timely ophthalmic intervention, and multidisciplinary collaboration to delay disease progression and improve patient outcomes.
文章引用：严芷舒, 史萍. 2型糖尿病性视网膜病变全身危险因素的病理机制与综合治疗策略研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(12): 496-505. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.15123437

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