支气管哮喘儿童生长发育、行为发育随访研究

Follow-Up Study on Growth and Behavioral Development of Children with Bronchial Asthma

摘要: 目的：随访支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma, BA)儿童的哮喘控制情况，收集其生长发育、行为发育数据，以期了解哮喘儿童出院后疾病的控制情况、生长发育、行为发育是否存在问题，为提高哮喘儿童的生活质量、改善预后提供科学的依据。方法：收集2022年7月~2023年6月湖南医药学院总医院出院的4~14岁哮喘儿童，在出院后第1、3、6、12月随访，收集其生长发育数据，包括头围、身高、体重、是否贫血、营养不良，使用Achenbach儿童行为量表筛查儿童的行为发育问题，按照儿童哮喘控制测试问卷(C-ACT)调查结果分为三个组：哮喘未控制组、哮喘部分控制组、哮喘完全控制组，比较分析三组患儿是否存在生长发育、行为发育差异。结果：1) 生长发育方面，哮喘完全控制组儿童贫血、营养不良发生率均低于其他两组，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；2) 社交能力方面，哮喘完全控制组儿童活动情况得分是高于其他两组的，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；3) 行为问题方面：哮喘完全控制组儿童的多动、焦虑、违纪行为3个因子得分均低于其他两组，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：哮喘的良好控制有助于儿童的生长发育、社交能力的提升，同时减少行为问题的发生。

Abstract: Objective: Follow up on children’s asthma control with bronchial asthma (BA), collect data on their growth and behavioral development, in order to understand the disease control, growth and behavioral development of asthmatic children after discharge, and provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life and prognosis of asthmatic children. Method: We collected data on the growth and development of children with asthma aged 4~14 years who were discharged from Hunan Medical College General Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023. Follow ups were conducted in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months after discharge, including head circumference, height, body weight, anemia, and malnutrition. The Achenbach Children’s Behavior Scale was used to screen children for behavioral development problems. According to the results of the Childhood Asthma Control Test Questionnaire (C-ACT), the children were divided into three groups: uncontrolled asthma group, partially controlled asthma group, and fully controlled asthma group. We compared and analyzed whether there were differences in growth and behavioral development among the three groups of children. Results: In terms of growth and development, the incidence of anemia and malnutrition in children with complete asthma control was lower than the other two groups, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05); In terms of social skills, the activity scores of children in the asthma complete control group were higher than the other two groups, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05); 3. In terms of behavioral issues, the scores of hyperactivity, anxiety, and disciplinary behavior in children with complete asthma control were lower than those in the other two groups, and the differences were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Controlling asthma can help children’s growth and development, improve their social skills, and reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems.