小学生体力活动与认知功能的关系：睡眠质量与体质健康的链式中介作用

The Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Elementary School Students: The Chain Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality and Physical Health

摘要: 目的：探讨睡眠质量与体质健康在小学生体力活动与认知功能之间的中介效应。方法：采用调查法收集研究对象的体测数据；采用青少年体力活动问卷(PAQ-A)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、瑞文推理测验(SPM)对江西省上饶市某小学的学生进行问卷调查，共获得有效样本699份。结果：相关分析显示体力活动、认知功能、睡眠质量和体质健康两者之间均显著相关；认知功能显著正向预测体力活动；睡眠质量在其中发挥部分中介作用；体质健康在其中起中介作用；同时，睡眠质量与体质健康在体力活动与认知功能的关系中存在着链式中介作用的效应。结论：体力活动不仅直接影响小学生的认知功能，还能够通过改善睡眠质量提升体质健康，进而促进认知功能发展。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the mediating effects of sleep quality and physical fitness on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in Elementary School Students. Method: Survey methods were used to collect physical measurement data of the research subjects; the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Raven’s Progressive Matrices (SPM) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among students from a primary school in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, collecting a total of 699 valid samples. Results: Correlation analysis showed that physical activity, cognitive function, sleep quality, and physical fitness were significantly correlated with each other; cognitive function significantly positively predicted physical activity; sleep quality played a partial mediating role in this relationship; physical fitness also played a mediating role; meanwhile, sleep quality and physical fitness had a chain mediating effect on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function. Conclusion: Physical activity not only directly affects cognitive function in Elementary School Students but also enhances physical fitness by improving sleep quality, thereby promoting the development of cognitive function.