网络爬取数据的刑法规制路径展开

The Exploration of the Path of Criminal Law Regulation for Online Data Crawling

摘要: 大数据时代下，网络爬虫技术作为数据获取的核心工具，在推动数字经济发展的同时，其滥用行为也对数据安全、公民权益及市场秩序构成严重威胁。我国刑法通过计算机信息系统犯罪、侵犯公民个人信息犯罪等罪名体系对其进行规制，但司法实践中面临技术中立性与刑事违法性界分模糊、入罪标准不统一、罪名适用混乱等困境。本文结合典型案例与最新立法动态，从网络数据爬取行为的刑事风险谱系出发，剖析当前刑法规制的实践难题，提出完善路径，明确构建“三阶层认定标准”，并在此基础上对“国家有关规定”“侵入”等相关概念进行解释，以期实现数据安全保护与信息产业发展的平衡。

Abstract: In the era of big data, web crawler technology, as a core tool for data acquisition, promotes the development of the digital economy. However, its abuse also poses a serious threat to data security, citizens’ rights and interests, and market order. China’s Criminal Law regulates such abuse through a system of charges, including crimes against computer information systems and crimes of infringing on citizens’ personal information. Nevertheless, judicial practice faces difficulties such as ambiguity in distinguishing between technical neutrality and criminal illegality, inconsistent standards for criminalization, and confusion in the application of charges. Combining typical cases and the latest legislative developments, this paper starts from the criminal risk spectrum of online data crawling activities, analyzes the practical difficulties in current criminal law regulation, proposes improvement paths, clearly constructs a “three-tier identification standard”, and on this basis interprets relevant concepts such as “relevant national provisions” and “intrusion”, with a view to balancing data security protection and the development of the information industry.