基于人工智能技术在胰腺肿瘤早期诊断中的应用与前景

Application and Prospect of Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Tumors Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

摘要: 胰腺癌(Pancreatic Cancer, PC)是一种具有高度恶性特征的消化系统肿瘤，以其极低的生存率、不良的预后特性而臭名昭著，素有“癌中之王”之称。目前，PC因其缺乏典型的早期临床表现及高度侵袭性的生长特性而面临重大挑战，导致绝大多数患者在确诊时已处于疾病的中晚期阶段，进而使得该病的预后相较于其他恶性肿瘤更为严峻。近年来，随着人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AI)技术的崛起与迅猛发展，其在各行各业中得到了广泛应用，并成功解决了诸多难题。尤其在医疗领域，AI技术取得了突破性进展。尽管PC的发病率相对较低，但其死亡率极高，多数患者在初次诊断时已步入疾病晚期。若能在早期阶段检测到肿瘤病变，患者将极有可能早期接受手术治疗，从而获得更佳的预后。胰腺癌前病变主要包括胰腺上皮内瘤变(PanIN)和粘液性囊性肿瘤(MCN)，其中导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤(IPMN)是最常见的诊断类型。本文简要概述了AI技术在胰腺肿瘤早期诊断中的当前应用状况及创新成果，通过运用无创技术与人工智能(AI)手段，识别PC的早期迹象并进行预测，为胰腺肿瘤的早期诊断带来了全新的曙光，并对PC的研究提供参考依据。

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system, infamous for its extremely low survival rate and poor prognosis, and known as the “king of cancers”. Currently, PC faces significant challenges due to its lack of typical early clinical manifestations and highly aggressive growth characteristics, resulting in the majority of patients being diagnosed in the middle to late stages of the disease, which makes the prognosis of the disease more severe compared to other malignant tumors. In recent years, with the rise and rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, it has been widely used in various industries and successfully solved many problems. Especially in the medical field, AI technology has made breakthrough progress. Although the incidence of PC is relatively low, its mortality rate is extremely high, and most patients are already in the advanced stages of the disease when they are first diagnosed. However, if a tumor lesion can be detected at an early stage, the patient will most likely undergo surgical treatment, resulting in the best prognosis. Pancreatic precancerous lesions mainly include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and mucinous cystic neoplasia (MCN), with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) being the most commonly diagnosed type. Our research team is dedicated to identifying early signs of PC and predicting them through the use of non-invasive techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. This paper briefly outlines the current application status and innovative achievements of AI technology in the early diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, which brings a new light to the early diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, and presents a broad development blueprint with optimism for its future prospects.