企业数字化投入与生产效率的非线性关系研究——基于江西省传统制造业企业数据的实证检验

The Nonlinear Relationship between Enterprise Digitalization Investment and Production Efficiency—An Empirical Test Based on Data from Jiangxi’s Traditional Manufacturing Sector

摘要: 针对江西省传统制造业数字化转型中“投入–效率”错配问题，结合区域“数字化基础弱、要素协同差”的情境，探究了数字化投入对生产效率(TFP)的门槛效应及要素协同度的调节作用。基于2018~2022年289家规模以上企业平衡面板数据，采用Hansen面板门槛模型分析发现：数字化投入对TFP存在18%的单门槛效应——低于临界值时促进作用不显著，超过后正向影响显著增强；要素协同度负向调节门槛效应，协同度越高临界值越低；民营企业效率显著高于国有企业。结论为传统制造业数字化转型提供“突破门槛 + 提升协同”的实践路径，丰富了区域数字化与生产效率关系的理论研究。

Abstract: This study investigates the threshold effect of digitalization investment on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and the moderating role of factor synergy, contextualized within the “input-efficiency” mismatch observed in the digital transformation of Jiangxi’s traditional manufacturing sector, characterized by a weak digital foundation and poor coordination of production factors. Utilizing balanced panel data from 289 above-scale enterprises (2018~2022) and employing a Hansen panel threshold model, the analysis identifies a single threshold of 18% for digital investment. Below this critical value, the impact on TFP is insignificant; beyond it, the positive effect becomes substantial and statistically significant. Furthermore, factor synergy negatively moderates this relationship, meaning a higher level of synergy lowers the activation threshold. The study also finds that private enterprises achieve significantly higher efficiency gains than their state-owned counterparts. These findings offer a dual-path practical strategy—“surpassing the critical threshold and improving factor synergy”—for traditional manufacturing, thereby enriching the theoretical discourse on regional digitalization and productivity.