语用学视角下英语笑话翻译浅析——基于预设理论与关联理论的研究

A Brief Analysis of English Joke Translation from the Perspective of Pragmatics—A Study Based on Presupposition Theory and Relevance Theory

摘要: 英语笑话作为富含语言技巧与文化内涵的交际形式，其幽默效果的生成与传递依赖特定的语用机制，而跨语言翻译中因英汉语境、修辞及文化差异，常面临“预设断裂”与“关联失衡”两大难题，导致幽默效果衰减或失效。本文基于语用学中的预设理论与关联理论，浅析英语笑话幽默生成的语用预设逻辑，并提出英语笑话翻译的实践策略：通过归化、意译等方法构建最佳关联，确保译文读者获得与源语读者相近的幽默效果，为跨文化幽默翻译提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: As a communicative form rich in linguistic skills and cultural connotations, English jokes rely on specific pragmatic mechanisms for the generation and transmission of their humorous effects. However, in cross-linguistic translation, due to differences in context, rhetoric, and culture between English and Chinese, two major challenges often arise: “presupposition disruption” and “relevance imbalance”, which lead to the attenuation or loss of humorous effects. Based on the Presupposition Theory and Relevance Theory in pragmatics, this paper briefly analyzes the pragmatic presupposition logic behind the generation of humor in English jokes, and proposes practical strategies for English joke translation: constructing optimal relevance through methods such as domestication and free translation to ensure that target language readers achieve humorous effects similar to those of source language readers. This study provides theoretical support and practical reference for cross-cultural humor translation.