日本义务教育阶段教师流动制度及其启示

The Teacher Mobility System in Japan’s Compulsory Education and Its Implications

摘要: 我国不同区域呈现师资不平衡问题，教师轮岗制度实施有助于改善该问题，促进基础教育公平发展。日本自二十世纪四十年代开始在义务教育阶段实施教师流动制度，历史悠久，制度设计成熟。日本义务教育阶段教师流动制度具有流动自主性、选择双向性、保障丰富性、参与多元性等特点。中日两国在教师调动上具有共通之处，基于日本成熟经验，可为我国进一步优化教师流动方案提供有益参考：第一，设计精准高效的轮岗教师志愿匹配系统；第二，构建差异化与人本导向的教师轮岗周期制度；第三，建立科学公正的轮岗教师评价体系。

Abstract: China exhibits an imbalance in teacher resources across different regions. The implementation of a teacher rotation system helps alleviate this issue and promotes equitable development in basic education. Since the 1940s, Japan has implemented a teacher mobility system in compulsory education, with a long history and a mature institutional design. The Japanese compulsory education teacher mobility system is characterized by voluntariness in participation, bidirectional selection, comprehensive support measures, and multi-stakeholder involvement. China and Japan share certain commonalities in teacher transfer practices. Drawing on Japan’s mature experience, the following re- commendations can provide valuable reference for further optimizing China’s teacher rotation policy: 1) Design a precise and efficient matching system for teachers’ rotation preferences; 2) Establish a differentiated and human-centered rotation cycle system; 3) Develop a scientific and fair evaluation system for rotated teachers.