基于区块链 + 物联网的汽车零部件全生命周期溯源研究

A Study on Full-Lifecycle Traceability of Automotive Components Based on Blockchain and IoT

摘要: 在汽车产业全球化与供应链层级深化的背景下，传统零部件溯源模式面临中心化数据易篡改、多主体信息孤岛、质量问题追溯效率低及假冒伪劣品流入等痛点，严重制约供应链透明度与信任体系构建。为解决上述问题，本文设计并实现一种融合区块链、物联网与智能合约的汽车零部件全生命周期溯源系统。系统采用“前端-Vue.js + 后端-Go/Gin + 联盟链-FISCO BCOS”的分层架构，通过“链上哈希存证 + 链下明细存储”策略平衡数据安全性与存储效率，依托智能合约自动触发生产参数、质检结果、物流节点等关键数据上链，实现汽车零部件全生命周期溯源，同时构建多角色细粒度权限管控体系，保障数据隐私与操作合规性。

Abstract: Under the backdrop of the globalization of the automotive industry and the increasing complexity of supply chain tiers, traditional component traceability models face challenges such as susceptibility to tampering of centralized data, information silos across multiple entities, low efficiency in quality issue tracing, and infiltration of counterfeit products. These issues severely hinder the establishment of supply chain transparency and trust systems. To address the above problems, this paper designs and implements a full-lifecycle traceability system for automotive components that integrates blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart contracts. The system adopts a layered architecture of “Frontend: Vue.js + Backend: Go/Gin + Consortium Blockchain: FISCO BCOS”. By employing a strategy of “on-chain hash storage for proof + off-chain storage of detailed data”, it balances data security and storage efficiency. Leveraging smart contracts, the system automatically triggers the recording of key data—such as production parameters, quality inspection results, and logistics nodes—onto the blockchain, thereby achieving full-lifecycle traceability of automotive components. Simultaneously, it establishes a multi-role, fine-grained permission control system to ensure data privacy and operational compliance.