中医外治法在治疗小儿咳嗽中的研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Treatments in the Treatment of Pediatric Cough

摘要: 小儿咳嗽作为儿科常见高发疾病，患儿服药依从性欠佳以及部分药物存在副作用等情况，临床上需安全有效的治疗手段。中医外治法具有无创、微创、副作用小且操作便捷等优势，已成为治疗小儿咳嗽的重要途径。目前，针对小儿咳嗽的中医外治方法丰富多样，涵盖穴位贴敷、针法、灸法、推拿、拔罐、刮痧等，这些疗法不仅能够缓解患儿咳嗽咳痰症状、改善呼吸道功能、还可依据辨证结果联合应用以增强疗效。然而，当前相关研究存在操作标准不统一、作用机制阐释不充分、多学科协作融合程度有限等问题。未来，需围绕规范化操作体系的构建、作用机制的深入探索以及长期疗效的验证等方面开展研究，以推动中医外治法在小儿咳嗽治疗中的标准化推广与应用。本文对这些外治疗法进行梳理总结，可为儿科临床治疗提供参考借鉴。

Abstract: Cough in children, a prevalent pediatric condition, requires safe and effective clinical interventions due to poor medication adherence and potential drug side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external therapies—characterized by non-invasive application, minimal side effects, and ease of operation—have become a crucial therapeutic approach. Current TCM external methods for pediatric cough include acupoint patching, acupuncture, moxibustion, tuina, cupping, and guasha therapy. These approaches not only alleviate cough and phlegm symptoms, improve respiratory function, and reduce medication dependence, but can also be combined with syndrome differentiation results to enhance efficacy. However, existing research faces challenges such as inconsistent operational standards, insufficient elucidation of mechanisms, and limited interdisciplinary collaboration. Future studies should focus on establishing standardized protocols, exploring mechanisms of action, and validating long-term outcomes to promote standardized application of TCM external therapies. This review summarizes these external treatment methods, providing valuable references for pediatric clinical practice.