文化负载词在异语写作与无本回译中的转换策略：以熊式一《天桥》自译本为例

Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Heterolingual Writing and Source-Free Back-Translation: A Case Study of Xiong Shiyi’s Self-Translated Version of The Bridge of Heaven

摘要: 异语写作指作者运用非母语，或是与自身文化背景不相符的语言开展创作的行为，本质上属于一种兼具文化翻译属性的写作形式；无本回译则是译者将异语写作者以外语(例如英语)创作的中国题材作品(即异语作品)，回译为汉语并面向中国读者或汉语使用者呈现的行为及其产生的成果。小说《天桥》(The Bridge of Heaven)是熊式一以英文创作的一部社会历史讽刺小说，1960年由作者自译完成中文版，符合“异语写作”与“无本回译”概念。《天桥》以满清统治下的封建专制中央集权社会为背景，文中必然涉及诸多承载中国传统文化内涵的特色词汇与句式。对这部作品的异语写作特征与无本回译实践展开深入探讨，不仅能明晰此类文本的翻译规律，更有助于推动中国文化元素的有效传播。

Abstract: Heterolingual writing refers to the act of creation where authors use a non-native language or a language inconsistent with their cultural background, serving as a form of cultural translational writing. Source-free back-translation denotes the act or result of translating Chinese-themed works (i.e., heterolingual works) composed by heterolingual writers in a foreign language (e.g., English) back into Chinese for Chinese readers or readers of the Chinese language. The novel The Bridge of Heaven is a social-historical satirical novel written in English by Xiong Shiyi, who self-translated it into Chinese in 1960. It fully conforms to the concepts of “heterolingual writing” and “source-free back-translation.” Set against the backdrop of a feudal autocratic centralized society under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the novel inevitably involves the translation of numerous words and sentences featuring distinct elements of traditional Chinese culture. An exploration of its heterolingual writing and source-free back-translation is conducive to the dissemination of Chinese elements.