人教版和湘教版初中数学教材中二次函数的比较研究——基于鲍氏难度模型

A Comparative Study of Quadratic Functions in Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks of People’s Education Press and Hunan Education Press—Based on Bao’s Difficulty Model

摘要: 二次函数作为初中数学的核心内容，对学生理解函数思想有关键作用。当前我国教材具有“一纲多本”的特点，本研究以使用范围广泛的人教版(2024版)、湘教版(2024版)初中数学教材为研究对象，从知识结构与习题设计两大维度展开分析，并应用鲍建生综合难度模型进行探究。研究认为，两版教材在知识编排、知识内容结构、习题数量、习题难度等方面各有特色，但仍存在一定的调整空间，以求教材更具均衡性。教师可以在遵循课标的基础上，结合两版教材的优势，更科学地开展教学。

Abstract: As a core content of junior high school mathematics, quadratic functions play a crucial role in helping students understand the concept of functions. Currently, mathematics textbooks in China follow the principle of “one curriculum standard with multiple textbook versions”. This study takes two widely used junior high school mathematics textbooks, namely the People’s Education Press Version (2024) and the Hunan Education Press Version (2024), as the research objects. It conducts an analysis from two major dimensions: knowledge structure and exercise design, and applies Bao Jiansheng’s Comprehensive Difficulty Model for exploration. The study concludes that the two textbook versions each have their own characteristics in aspects such as knowledge arrangement, knowledge content structure, number of exercises, and exercise difficulty. However, there is still room for adjustment to enhance the balance of the textbooks. Teachers can carry out teaching more scientifically by adhering to the curriculum standards and integrating the advantages of the two textbook versions.