针刺治疗意识障碍的机制研究进展

Research Progress on Acupuncture Mechanisms in Consciousness Disorders

摘要: 意识障碍(Disorders of Consciousness, DOC)是各种原因引起脑解剖结构的改变，或意识控制系统受损，从而引起对自身和外界的识别和觉察能力的障碍。其发病机理比较复杂，临床死亡率高、医疗费用昂贵，必须高度重视，积极加以干预。目前临床上对于DOC的治疗主要采用对症治疗及促进脑代谢治疗等。但是目前的常规治疗手段存在治疗效果不明确、副作用大、适用人群少等问题，患者苏醒率较低。近年的许多研究表明，针刺在改善DOC时有着多途径、多靶点、安全性良好等特点。本研究对近些年来国内国外针刺治疗意识障碍的临床研究、针刺治疗意识障碍的机制研究相关文献资料加以整理，在中医病因病机与病理基础、针刺治疗作用机制、针刺治疗意识障碍疗效的影响因素等诸多方面展开论述，从而为针刺治疗DOC的临床运用改良及日后进一步研究提供参考。

Abstract: Consciousness Disorders (DOC) result from structural brain alterations or impaired consciousness control systems, leading to impaired self-awareness and environmental perception. With complex pathogenesis, high mortality rates, and substantial medical costs, DOC demands urgent clinical attention and intervention. Current treatments primarily involve symptomatic management and brain metabolism enhancement. However, conventional therapies face challenges including uncertain efficacy, significant side effects, limited patient applicability, and low patient recovery rates. Recent studies demonstrate acupuncture’s advantages in DOC treatment through its multi-targeted mechanisms and safety profile. This review synthesizes recent domestic and international clinical research on acupuncture for consciousness disorders, analyzes its pathophysiological mechanisms, and discusses factors influencing treatment efficacy. The findings provide valuable references for optimizing acupuncture applications and advancing future research in DOC management.