基于DEA-Malmquist模型的车险费率市场化改革对财险公司经营效率的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Auto Insurance Rate Marketization Reform on the Operating Efficiency of Property Insurance Companies Based on DEA-Malmquist Model

摘要: 机动车保险作为财产保险的重要组成部分，其费率市场化改革对财险公司经营效率具有深远影响。本文基于2015年中国商业车险费率市场化改革背景，选取2014~2022年26家财险公司数据作为研究样本，运用数据包络分析(DEA)与Malmquist指数模型，从静态与动态两个维度评估财险公司车险经营效率。研究发现：短期内，费率市场化对财险公司经营效率产生负面冲击；长期来看，改革显著促进了经营效率的提升，技术进步成为推动效率增长的主要动力。最后，本文从产品创新、人才培养、监管完善等方面提出对策建议。

Abstract: Motor vehicle insurance is an important part of property insurance, and its rate marketization reform has a profound impact on the operating efficiency of property insurance companies. Based on the background of China’s commercial auto insurance rate marketization reform in 2015, this paper selects data from 26 property insurance companies from 2014 to 2022 as research samples, and uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index model to evaluate the operating efficiency of auto insurance from both static and dynamic dimensions. The study finds that: in the short term, rate marketization has a negative impact on the operating efficiency of property insurance companies; in the long run, the reform significantly promotes the improvement of operating efficiency, and technological progress becomes the main driving force for efficiency growth. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of product innovation, talent training, and regulatory improvement.