自动驾驶汽车的行政法规制：挑战与进路

Administrative Regulation of Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges and Approaches

摘要: 自动驾驶汽车作为新兴技术兴起的代表性产物，使社会交通模式发生改变，极大便利民众生活的同时，也带来了风险。法律规范层面，尤其是行政法方面，缺乏对自动驾驶汽车的有效规制。基于自动驾驶的技术分级，规制重心应放在L3、L4级别下自动驾驶之上。实践中，自动驾驶汽车无法如传统驾驶模式般取得法律上的道路通行权，缺乏系统有效的监管体系与监管主体，倘若自动驾驶汽车发生交通事故则会陷入事故责任认定的难题。应当在法律层面赋予自动驾驶汽车的道路通行权，明确法律层面的定位；调动社会各方力量，形成监管合力，构建系统的监管体系；以交通事故原因为切入点，区分具体情形下的责任认定标准，解决自动驾驶导致交通事故责任认定的难题。

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles are representative of emerging technologies and are transforming societal transportation patterns. While these technologies undoubtedly have the potential to greatly facilitate public life, they also introduce a number of risks. Within the domain of legal regulation, particularly in the context of administrative law, there exists a paucity of effective regulatory frameworks for autonomous vehicles. In accordance with the technical classification of autonomous driving, the regulatory focus should be directed towards Levels 3 and 4 of the SAE scale. In practice, autonomous vehicles are unable to obtain legal road rights equivalent to those obtained by traditional driving modes. The absence of a systematic regulatory framework and clear regulatory authority creates challenges in assigning liability when accidents occur. It is imperative that legal measures are implemented in order to grant autonomous vehicles the right to travel on roads and to clarify their legal status. It is imperative that concerted efforts are made to mobilise all societal stakeholders in order to establish a collaborative regulatory force and, concomitantly, to implement a systematic oversight framework. In order to address the challenges associated with the allocation of responsibility for accidents caused by autonomous vehicles, it is essential to analyse the root causes of traffic accidents and develop specific liability determination standards for different scenarios.