棉花间套作技术研究进展

Research Progress on Cotton Intercropping Technology

摘要: 当前，粮棉争地问题日益突出。为优化现有资源配置、实现生态位互补，棉花间套作已成为提升农田综合效益的重要举措。文献研究表明，棉花与豆科作物、油料作物间套作，可通过物种间的互利作用显著提升土壤生产力。例如能更高效地利用光热资源，且豆科作物的固氮作用可协同促进棉花对养分的吸收，进而改善棉花的光合性能与水分利用效率。在土壤微生态层面，棉花与豆科作物间作还能提高土壤微生物多样性，促进土壤有机质积累与养分循环，从而有效改善土壤健康状况，最大化提升单位面积土地的生产潜力。

Abstract: Land competition between grain and cotton crops has become a serious issue nowadays. To optimize the available resource allocation and achieving niche complementarity, the cotton intercropping by has become an important strategy to enhance the overall benefits of farmland. In literature, it has been reported that intercropping of cotton with leguminous and oilseed crops can significantly improve soil productivity through interspecies beneficial effects such as the better utilization of light and heat resources, the soil fixation of nitrogen by leguminous crops can synergistically promote cotton nutrient absorption; hence, improving cotton’s photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency. In terms of soil microecology, the intercropping of cotton with leguminous crops may enhance microbial diversity, promote organic matter accumulation and nutrient cycling, thereby effectively improving the soil health and maximize the yield potential per unit area.