细菌拮抗作用研究进展

Research Progress on Bacterial Antagonism

摘要: 细菌拮抗作用是指某些细菌能够通过某种特殊的方式抑制或杀死其他细菌的现象，这一现象在自然界中非常普遍。近年来，随着抗生素的广泛应用，多重耐药细菌已经成为棘手的临床问题。随着微生物组研究的深入发展，细菌间的拮抗作用机制逐渐成为研究热点。目前的研究表明，纹带棒状杆菌、路邓葡萄球菌等多种细菌展现出了显著的拮抗活性。本综述系统总结了细菌拮抗作用的主要机制，包括直接抑菌机制、间接拮抗机制和环境修饰机制，并重点总结了经典拮抗案例的分子机制。这些发现为新型抗菌策略的开发提供了重要理论基础，在临床诊疗、微生物组工程和新药开发等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Abstract: Bacterial antagonism refers to the phenomenon where certain bacteria can inhibit or kill other bacteria through specific means, and this phenomenon is highly prevalent in nature. In recent years, with the extensive use of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a difficult clinical problem. As microbiome research advances in depth, the mechanisms underlying antagonistic interactions between bacteria have gradually emerged as a research focus. Current studies have demonstrated that various bacteria, such as Corynebacterium striatum and Staphylococcus lugdunensis, exhibit significant antagonistic activity. This review systematically summarizes the main mechanisms of bacterial antagonism, including direct bacteriostatic mechanisms, indirect antagonistic mechanisms, and environmental modification mechanisms, while focusing on the molecular mechanisms of classic antagonistic cases. These findings provide a crucial theoretical basis for the development of novel antibacterial strategies and hold broad application prospects in fields such as clinical diagnosis and treatment, microbiome engineering, and new drug development.