理念论与实在论视域下的教育哲学之争——柏拉图与亚里士多德比较研究

The Debate in Educational Philosophy from the Perspectives of Theory of Forms and Realism—A Comparative Study of Plato and Aristotle

摘要: 柏拉图与亚里士多德的教育哲学体系，植根于二者在形而上学、认识论与伦理学上的根本对立。本文从理念论与实在论的哲学立场出发，系统比较二者在教育哲学上的根本分歧。本文将从四个维度展开深入探讨：首先分析柏拉图理念论哲学对其教育观的决定性影响；其次阐释亚里士多德实在论哲学对其教育观的理论奠基；然后系统比较二者在教育哲学上的根本分歧；最后探讨两种教育哲学的历史传承与当代启示。研究表明，二者在教育目标、知识来源、认识路径与伦理实践等方面形成鲜明对比，不仅构成古希腊哲学内部的重要张力，也为后世教育哲学的发展奠定了两种基本范式。

Abstract: The educational philosophy systems of Plato and Aristotle are rooted in their fundamental oppositions in metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Starting from the philosophical standpoints of theory of forms and realism, this paper systematically compares the fundamental differences between the two in educational philosophy. The discussion will delve into four dimensions: first, analyzing the decisive influence of Plato’s idealist philosophy on his educational views; second, explaining the theoretical foundation of Aristotle’s realist philosophy for his educational perspectives; third, systematically comparing the fundamental differences between the two in educational philosophy; and finally, exploring the historical legacy and contemporary implications of these two educational philosophies. The research shows that the two form a sharp contrast in educational goals, sources of knowledge, paths of cognition, and ethical practices, not only constituting an important tension within ancient Greek philosophy but also laying the foundation for two basic paradigms in the development of later educational philosophy.