马克思劳动价值论过时了吗？——基于数字劳动对劳动价值论挑战之澄清

Is Marx’s Labor Theory of Value Obsolete?—A Clarification Based on the Challenge of Digital Labor to the Labor Theory of Value

摘要: 数智化时代，以知识、信息和情感为核心的非物质劳动成为劳动的主要形态。劳动形态的转变引发了关于“马克思劳动价值论是否过时”的争论。克里斯蒂安·福克斯和安东尼奥·奈格里作为数字劳动的代表人物，对此给出了不同的答案。本文通过比较二者在劳动形态、价值来源和价值尺度等核心议题上的差异，澄清数字劳动并未超出马克思的劳动范畴；并通过对数字劳动进行类型化分析，细分其价值创造路径，进一步引入新古典经济学、奥地利学派等非马克思主义价值理论作为对照，通过批判其理论局限，反衬出马克思劳动价值论在揭示数字资本的剥削本质的独特优势。最终证明，无论劳动以何种新形式与新形态呈现，马克思劳动价值论在数智化时代依然具有强大的生命力。

Abstract: In the era of digital intelligence, labor has shifted from being dominated by material production to being centered on knowledge, information, and emotion, with immaterial labor becoming the primary form. This transformation in labor forms has sparked debates over whether Marx’s labor theory of value remains relevant. Christian Fuchs and Antonio Negri, as leading figures in the study of digital labor, offer divergent answers to this question. By comparing their differences on core issues such as the form of labor, the source of value, and the measure of value, this paper clarifies that digital labor does not transcend Marx’s definition of labor. Furthermore, through a typological analysis of digital labor, it refines the pathways of value creation. By introducing non-Marxist value theories, such as neoclassical economics and the Austrian School, as points of comparison and critiquing their theoretical limitations, this paper highlights the unique advantages of Marx’s labor theory of value in revealing the exploitative nature of digital capital. Ultimately, it demonstrates that regardless of the new forms and manifestations labor may take, Marx’s labor theory of value retains its powerful relevance in the digital age.